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Wanli Emperor
The Wanli Emperor (4 September 1563 – 18 August 1620), personal name Zhu Yijun, was the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty of China. "Wanli", the era name of his reign, literally means "ten thousand calendars". He was the third son of the Longqing Emperor. His reign of 48 years (1572-1620) was the longest among all the Ming dynasty emperors and it witnessed the steady decline of the dynasty.
==Early reign (1572–1582)==
Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of nine and adopted the regnal name "Wanli", thus he is historically known as the Wanli Emperor. For the first ten years of his reign, he was aided by a notable statesman, Zhang Juzheng, who governed the country well in the name of the young emperor. During this period, the Wanli Emperor deeply respected Zhang as a mentor and a valued minister. However, as the emperor's reign progressed, several factions within the government began to openly oppose Zhang's policies as well as to resent his powerful position in government, and tried to influence the Wanli Emperor to dismiss Zhang. By 1582, the Wanli Emperor was a young man of 19 and was tired of the strict routine of Confucian duties that Zhang still imposed on the emperor even though he was past childhood.〔Huang, Ray(1981) ''1587, a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline.'' New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02518-1〕 The Wanli Emperor became willing to dismiss Zhang, but Zhang died in 1582 before the emperor was able to act. During the first ten years of the Wanli era, the Ming dynasty's economy and military power prospered in a way not seen since the Yongle Emperor and the Rule of Ren and Xuan from 1402 to 1435. After Zhang's death, the Wanli Emperor felt free to act independently, and reversed many of Zhang's administrative improvements. In 1584, the Wanli Emperor issued an edict confiscating all of Zhang's personal wealth and purging his family members.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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